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Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta Ufology. Mostrar todas las entradas
Mostrando entradas con la etiqueta Ufology. Mostrar todas las entradas
Archaeologists in Egypt and Germany have found an eight-meter quartzite statue submerged in the bottom of a pit in a poor neighborhood of Cairo that is likely to represent the revered Pharaoh Ramses II, who ruled more than 3,000 years ago.
The discovery, described by the Ministry of Antiquities of Egypt as one of the most important in history, was made near the ruins of the temple of Ramses II in the ancient city of Heliopolis, located in the eastern part of what is the current Capital of Egypt.
Pharaoh, the most powerful and celebrated ruler of ancient Egypt, also known as Ramses the Great , was the third of the nineteenth Dynasty and occupied the throne between 1279 and 1213 BC. He led several military campaigns and extended the Egyptian empire from Syria in the east to Nubia (now Sudan) in the south.
"We found the bust of the statue and the lower part of the head and now we remove the head and find the right crown and ear and a fragment of the right eye," said the Minister of Antiquities Khaled al-Anani.
Archaeologists also found the top of a statue of Pharaoh Seti II, grandson of Ramses II, 80 centimeters long.
The Temple of the Sun at Heliopolis was erected by Ramses II, which gives weight to the possibility that the statue represents it, according to archaeologists. This was one of the largest temples in Egypt, almost twice the size of Karnak, in Luxor, but was destroyed in the Greco-Roman era. Many of its obelisks were moved to Alexandria or Europe and stones were looted from the place for use in other constructions as Cairo grew.
The discovery was made in the working class area of Matariya (the ancient Heliopolis) between muddy streets and unfinished buildings. According to Dietrich Raue, head of the German team, the ancient Egyptians believed that Heliopolis was the place where the sun god lived. The experts will try to extract the remaining pieces of both statues for restoration. If they succeed and the colossus represents Ramses II, the statue will be placed at the entrance of the Great Egyptian Museum, which will be inaugurated in 2018.
The discovery, described by the Ministry of Antiquities of Egypt as one of the most important in history, was made near the ruins of the temple of Ramses II in the ancient city of Heliopolis, located in the eastern part of what is the current Capital of Egypt.
Pharaoh, the most powerful and celebrated ruler of ancient Egypt, also known as Ramses the Great , was the third of the nineteenth Dynasty and occupied the throne between 1279 and 1213 BC. He led several military campaigns and extended the Egyptian empire from Syria in the east to Nubia (now Sudan) in the south.
"We found the bust of the statue and the lower part of the head and now we remove the head and find the right crown and ear and a fragment of the right eye," said the Minister of Antiquities Khaled al-Anani.
Archaeologists also found the top of a statue of Pharaoh Seti II, grandson of Ramses II, 80 centimeters long.
The Temple of the Sun at Heliopolis was erected by Ramses II, which gives weight to the possibility that the statue represents it, according to archaeologists. This was one of the largest temples in Egypt, almost twice the size of Karnak, in Luxor, but was destroyed in the Greco-Roman era. Many of its obelisks were moved to Alexandria or Europe and stones were looted from the place for use in other constructions as Cairo grew.
The discovery was made in the working class area of Matariya (the ancient Heliopolis) between muddy streets and unfinished buildings. According to Dietrich Raue, head of the German team, the ancient Egyptians believed that Heliopolis was the place where the sun god lived. The experts will try to extract the remaining pieces of both statues for restoration. If they succeed and the colossus represents Ramses II, the statue will be placed at the entrance of the Great Egyptian Museum, which will be inaugurated in 2018.
The abundant presence of platinum found in the area could indicate that the old Clovis culture disappeared from North America after the impact of an asteroid, scientists say.
Archaeologists at the University of South Carolina claim to have the answer to the mysterious disappearance of the prehistoric Clovis culture, which inhabited North America 12,800 years ago. After discovering platinum remains in sedimentary sequences from the area dating back to the early Dryas period, the researchers conclude that this "anomaly" could indicate that it was the impact of an extraterrestrial object that ended the Clovis culture and a series of Species of great animals that inhabited the planet at that time. Their study has been published in the Nature portal .
Archaeologists at the University of South Carolina claim to have the answer to the mysterious disappearance of the prehistoric Clovis culture, which inhabited North America 12,800 years ago. After discovering platinum remains in sedimentary sequences from the area dating back to the early Dryas period, the researchers conclude that this "anomaly" could indicate that it was the impact of an extraterrestrial object that ended the Clovis culture and a series of Species of great animals that inhabited the planet at that time. Their study has been published in the Nature portal .
The remains of platinum, an element associated with space objects such as asteroids, found in large quantities in 11 US sites. (California, Arizona, New Mexico, Ohio, Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina), could indicate that a major impact of a cosmic object against the Earth occurred in the recent Dryas climatic cooling period, which coincides with the end Of this mysterious prehistoric culture, explain the scientists. The authors of the study say that the results of their research are "consistent" with previous similar discoveries of platinum remains found in Greenland in 2013. Scientists also note that their findings "do not contradict" the so-called " Comet Clovis "on the astronomical impact of an object coming from outer space that hit the Earth. However, researchers admit that "detailed evidence of this impact or explosion is beyond the scope of this study."
In Italy, Galileo Galilei (1564 - † 1642), even as a Catholic, was forced by the Inquisition to abjure the heliocentric theory, to go against the belief that placed the earth at the center of the universe. Pope John Paul II (1920 - † 2005) apologized for the mistakes men of the Church had committed throughout history. In the Galileo case, he proposed an honest and unbiased review, but the commission he appointed to that effect in 1981 (which concluded his work in 1992) repeated once more the thesis that Galileo lacked scientific arguments to prove heliocentrism , And maintained the innocence of the Church as an institution, And Galileo's obligation to obey him and acknowledge his teaching (thus justifying condemnation and avoiding rehabilitation).
During the Middle Ages and to the present day, the term " creationism " has served in Theology to designate the origin of the personal soul, and that each soul is the object of a special act of creation by God. Evidently, according to them, only human beings have souls. And that each soul is the object of a special act of creation by God. Evidently, according to them, only human beings have souls. And that each soul is the object of a special act of creation by God. Evidently, according to them, only human beings have souls.
Holy Inquisition
The rapid social success of the theory of Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century not only promoted the reaction of some important theologians but also on the part of scientists, which saw an important foundation for Darwinism philosophical materialism and a door Open to the refutation of the teleological and cosmological argument for the existence of God; The human being, provided with a soul by the hand of God, could not descend from inferior bodies devoid of spirit. Classical creationists, therefore, deny the theory of biological evolution, and especially that which refers to human evolution, as well as scientific explanations of the origin of life. This is why they reject all scientific evidence (fossil, geological, genetic, etc.). In classic Creationism of Christian origin, a literal interpretation of the Bible is made and the creation of the world, living beings and the cataclysm of the Universal Flood is sustained, as described in Genesis (without pretending to scientifically specify the origin Of the species and their kinship).
In current creationism, there are two sides; Living beings and the cataclysm of the Universal Flood, as described in Genesis (without pretending to scientifically specify the origin of the species and their kinship). In current creationism, there are two sides; Living beings and the cataclysm of the Universal Flood, as described in Genesis (without pretending to scientifically specify the origin of the species and their kinship). In current creationism, there are two sides;
The anti-evolution creationism, try using no - religious grounds, from discoveries or knowledge of disciplines within the natural sciences, presented as evidence against the theory of evolution. This is how we talk about scientific creationism, the name given by its supporters. However, unlike the natural sciences, in this type of creationism, the scientific method is not followed. Its main activity is to deny to a greater or lesser extent the validity and importance of evolutionary explanations about the origin of biological structures, to conclude that its creation is necessary by a direct intervention of an intelligent being.
Creationism pro-evolution believes in the existence of a creator and a purpose but does accept that living beings have been formed through a process of natural evolution. This form of creationism is not intended to interfere with the practice of science, nor is it presented as an alternative to neo-Darwinism, but as a philosophical or religious complement to the theory of evolution.
The Council of Europe, a body charged with ensuring respect for human rights in the Old Continent, began to discuss in October 2007 a report that warned of the dangers of teaching creationist theories in schools. Although pro-evolution creationism (which does not interfere with science), corresponds to the politically correct and official position of the Catholic Church, what is spreading and spurring is creationism that denies the evolution of species through selection Natural, holding that the Earth is not more than 10,000 years old and was created by God. This vision is supported by multiple Protestant Churches in the United States,
Science vs. Religion
Some of these people deny both evolution and extinction, holding that God would not create groups of beings that needed changes or adaptations to achieve the survival of their descendants, nor allow God-created beings to become extinct.
I suppose that because of the insanity and insinuation of such statements, there is another part that believes at least in the process of extinction (but produced only by an inter-intervention and divine will), and continue to reject the process of evolution (completely ignoring explanations and Scientific evidence of fossils ).
And finally, there is the sector that believes in evolution and extinction (but divine); That is to say, they accept that such processes occur, but that they are produced by intervention and will of God (they are those who promulgate the so-called " intelligent design "). These believers advocate the complexity of the human being and the universe as a demonstration that such a 'perfect' machinery has not been able to take place without the intervention of an omnipresent Creator God.
As we see, there are three completely contradictory positions, ranging from denying unflinching evolution and extinction to relying on its existence to explain that such complex processes, necessarily require a supreme intelligence. This strategy encompasses all possibilities, and despite openly excluding some arguments with others, through the disinformation and ambiguity that characterize these sectors, maintain a cohesion based on religious belief and blind faith.
Of the three positions, intelligent design is the most dangerous (because it proclaims itself scientific, becoming a candidate to be taught in schools). They claim that we live in a universe that is too well tuned, And with just characteristics so that life is possible (and that can not be attributed to luck or chance). For scientists, such an argument only shows the lack of imagination (to assume the impossibility of the existence of other forms of life ). Life, as we know it and understand it, may not exist under different conditions, but different forms of life might exist in its place. On the other hand, the multiverse hypothesis according to which there would be multiple parallel universes with different laws and variables would disrupt the argument because it implies that this universe is as probable as any other of the infinity that exists. And other scientists, They simply argue that the universe is not as well tuned as one thinks (or life is so perfect); Organisms evolve from their ancestors through mutations in DNA replication and retain past traits that are no longer used (often, characteristics detrimental to their survival). If everything were so in tune, would not we expect organisms to be really perfect? Should not natural selection be a really intelligent process, and not a card game in which if you hit a bad hand (little gene adaptation to the environment), you extinguish? Should it not be fair and equitable, and not a constant competition from which only the strongest are saved?
The other point that supports intelligent design is the " Are beginning to be subjected to new selective pressures for a second use. If we look only at the latter, the origin of the organ may become incomprehensible. Nowadays molecular biology, biochemistry, and other disciplines can increasingly explain these cases of supposed irreducible complexity.
Regarding the designer, the arguments of those who propose intelligent design are formulated in a way that makes no mention of the designer or his nature (they only conclude their existence and do not question it). But when the necessity of a designer is affirmed, naturally the possibility opens up and with this also arises the paradox of being able to ask itself who designed the designer?
The United States National Academy of Sciences and other scientific bodies classify intelligent design as pseudoscience.
Creationism
Despite this, support movements for intelligent design have succeeded in provoking a political mobilization in the United States with followers (including some members of the legislative chambers), who advocate the insertion of intelligent design into education programs as if it were a Theory alternates with evolution. In his last days at the head of the White House, George Bush interfered in the debate of creationist theories and assured that "the creation of the world is so mysterious that it requires something as big as an all-powerful". The Republican leader believes that creationist theory should be taught in schools along with the theory of evolution.
According to the European study, creationism was a phenomenon that occurred almost exclusively in the United States but is now gaining popularity in Europe (especially in communities evangelical Christian and Muslim ). The Council of Europe cited problems in Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, among others. Some examples are cited: Britain, a year earlier hosted a symposium international creationism, while in the German state of Hesse, the culture minister called for creationism be taught in schools along with the Theory of Evolution.
The Guardian newspaper reported that more and more in the schools of England is being taught the material that proposes an alternative of biblical bases to the theory of the evolution of Charles Darwin.
One of those who teaches these ideas, Nick Cowan (director of the department of chemistry at the Bluecoat school in Liverpool), told the newspaper that the fact that so-called "intelligent design" criticizes Darwinism does not mean that intelligent design theory Is not "scientific."
Conversely, Lewis Wolpert, a biologist at the University of London and vice-president of the British Humanist Association, stated that "the case for intelligent design is purely religious and has nothing to do with science."
According to the Council of Europe report, "there is a risk of confusing children between what is belief and what is science ." Religious beliefs do not allow changes in their approaches since they are based on some sacred writings supposedly revealed by God. By definition, a dogma is not open to being discussed, analyzed, or complemented. Science, on the other hand, admits doubt, adapts and shapes itself constantly, and therefore does not settle in absolute truths. The document asserted that creationist fundamentalism can become a threat to human rights. And indeed in the face of the events that occurred, it is.
Madeline Kara Neumann
In March 2008, Madeline Kara Neumann, 11 [ Photo ], died of a curable disease (diabetes), at home in a rural area, while a group of people surrounded her and prayed for her recovery. Dale Neumann, his father, told the state court in Wisconsin that he strongly believed that God would heal the child. His advocate claimed that he was absolutely persuaded that the "faith cure" was working, so he should not be charged with any crime. Prosecutors said Neumann underestimated her daughter's condition and allowed her to die, a selfish act in the name of a religious belief. Neumann, who is 47 years old and has studied to be pastor of the Pentecostal evangelical church, insisted that he was convinced that God would heal the child. "
The court found the man guilty of murdering his sick daughter because she preferred to pray for the girl's recovery rather than seeking medical attention. Neumann's wife, Leilani, was sentenced earlier this year for the same offense: second-degree murder by negligence. Last month in Oregon, a man was charged with a misdemeanor (the original charge was homicide), when he started praying instead of taking the doctor to his 15-month-old daughter who had pneumonia. Also earlier this year, a couple tried to flee to Mexico when authorities forced them to take their son to receive medical treatment.
The couple had refused medical care for religious reasons. The young Zachery Swezey agonized in the midst of tremendous pains, fever, and diarrhea for three days. His relatives were around the bed, praying for his healing. Finally, when it was obvious that he was about to die, they sought an extreme solution; They called the elders of the congregation to be anointed with olive oil and ... they prayed. His family, members of the church of the first born, believe in healing by faith (and no one thought of calling a doctor). The autopsy revealed that he died of a ruptured appendix (which could have been cured with a simple operation that is routine in any hospital).
Attempts to prosecute parents have been unsuccessful because the laws in Washington state are clear: "A person who is treated by an accredited practitioner of" Christian science "for the purpose of medical care,
Can not be considered as deprived or abandoned of the necessary medical care. " This law was promoted by the so-called" Christian Science "practitioners who have had sufficient legal capacity to implement such laws in several US states. Rita Swan, president of the "CHILD Inc" group, says there are at least 18 religions that are responsible for the deaths of children in the United States. , But there are laws that prevent those responsible from being tried.
Tom Henderson is a retired NASA engineer and engineer, who asserts that intelligent design reaffirms the existence of a creator. In his message, Henderson states that the first chapters of Genesis are literally true (as is the rest of the Bible). "For some people, evolution is a barrier to believing in the good news of Jesus. They think that if the theory of evolution is true, Christianity is false. And they are right. But if evolution is a myth, then they can accept the faith, "he said.
Under these approaches, in the Creationist Museum in Petersburg, Kentucky, the institution has dioramas and models representing children playing near a group of dinosaurs, as well as an exhibition on Adam and Eve, and the Universal Flood. All employees of the museum have to subscribe to the belief that life was created in six days and reject the idea defended by most scientists that it took millions of years of evolution of matter for living beings to reach their shape current. [ In the photo, Ken Ham; Founder of the Kentucky Creationist Museum, USA ].
Creationist Museum of Petersburg, Kentucky
In this booklet ( the joint publication of "answer in Genesis" and "the creation museum") distributed by Kem Ham and John Morris, children are explained to what really happened to dinosaurs, and how those evil Have been lying:
Movements like intelligent design, struggle to replace with their theories the classes of evolutionary biology in the United States schools (and have obtained significant victories, especially in the south).
How does Curiosity to become selfish?
Surely you have ever wondered how the rover curiosity does to photograph itself. Well, it turns out he has a telescopic arm to do these selfies, but ... And how come you do not see? The trick is that the camera that is placed at the end of the robotic arm, combines different photos for the final shot. If you look a little, sometimes you can see the shadows of the different angles of the arm. The selfies of this endearing rover have become one of the ways that Curiosity is teaching us what it sees on Mars and how its day to day work.
How long does it take for the sun to go around the Milky Way?
That is something, not because it is in a way very evident, it ceases to be a question that almost nobody is made. To give us an idea of the dimensions of the Universe (and in particular, of our galaxy), there is a very curious fact that perhaps you did not know, and it is that the Sun takes, 225 million years of attention in giving a complete return to The Milky Way. Amazing, right?
Already but just as the sun orbits very slowly our galaxy ... well, actually the Sun moves around the galactic center, describing an immense orbit at the speed of 792,000 kilometers per hour (or what is the same: 220 km / S).
Is there an immortal being?
We've all asked each other on that occasion, I think. And the answer is not "The human being" (or at least, not at the moment). Until that day arrives, there is already a small jellyfish barely one centimeter in size, which is immortal. It is called Turritopsis curricula, and under certain stress conditions, this creature can go in the opposite direction of the biological clock, so that its cells become a polyp, the juvenile structure of any jellyfish. He seems to be able to repeat this process, infinitely many times ... This jellyfish is native to the Caribbean seas but has spread all over the world.
A pre Agusta that everyone is made is: How much does everything built by man on Earth weigh?. All right, Maybe it's a geek question that nobody does, but not for that, it stops being less curious its answer. The products created by our technology already weigh 30 billion tons and are more numerous than all living species on the planet. Everything built by human beings to keep us alive on Earth is called a technosphere, and comprises houses, factories, farms, roads, airports ... and also smaller utensils such as mobile phones, computer systems, toothbrushes ... Whatever ... Of course, seen this way it does not seem so extraordinary that all this exceeds in weight, all forms of life on the planet, right? Or if?
The extent of the human footprint on the planet is equivalent to more than 50 kilos per square meter of the earth's surface. At its present scale, The technosphere is a new important phenomenon of this planet and that is evolving extraordinarily fast.
Do you know why it makes us laugh when they tickle us?
A question that you have asked yourself a thousand times ... (Or probably not) Well, according to studies by scientists at the University of Tübingen, the laughter that is provoked by tickling, is actually a defense mechanism. When you tickle someone, you are actually stimulating the nerve fibers that cause pain. Incredible but true. Eye, I'm talking about tickling by physical contact, not when you laugh for a joke.
The laughter of joy and amusement activates areas of the brain that control facial and vocal reactions, but only the tickling activates the hypothalamus, the region linked to pain.
It is seen that this kind of tickle laughter indicates submission, a recognition of defeat. Or put another way: Tingling is likely to be interpreted by the organism as a threat, and that laughter is a social signal of submission to avoid getting hurt or to defuse an alarming situation.
According to the studies, at the moment of receiving tickles activates in the brain the part that anticipates the pain, for this reason, it is possible to accidentally attack the person who is trying to tickle you.
This explains why we can not tickle ourselves: our brain is consistent that there is no need to provoke a response to an action or worry about anything. Or put another way: Tingling is likely to be interpreted by the organism as a threat, and that laughter is a social signal of submission to avoid getting hurt or to defuse an alarming situation.
According to the studies, at the moment of receiving tickles activates in the brain the part that anticipates the pain, for this reason, it is possible to accidentally attack the person who is trying to tickle you. This explains why we can not tickle ourselves: our brain is consistent that there is no need to provoke a response to an action or worry about anything. Or put another way: Tingling is likely to be interpreted by the organism as a threat, and that laughter is a social signal of submission to avoid getting hurt or to defuse an alarming situation. According to the studies, at the moment of receiving tickles activates in the brain the part that anticipates the pain, for this reason, it is possible to accidentally attack the person who is trying to tickle you. This explains why we can not tickle ourselves: our brain is consistent that there is no need to provoke a response to an action or worry about anything. And that laughter is a social signal of submission to avoid getting hurt or to defuse an alarming situation.
According to the studies, at the moment of receiving tickles activates in the brain the part that anticipates the pain, for this reason, it is possible to accidentally attack the person who is trying to tickle you. This explains why we can not tickle ourselves: our brain is consistent that there is no need to provoke a response to an action or worry about anything. And that laughter is a social signal of submission to avoid getting hurt or to defuse an alarming situation. According to the studies, at the moment of receiving tickles activates in the brain the part that anticipates the pain, for this reason, it is possible to accidentally attack the person who is trying to tickle you. This explains why we can not tickle ourselves: our brain is consistent that there is no need to provoke a response to the action or worry about anything.
For decades, the reports on unidentified flying objects (UFOs) and encounters with aliens (in the third phase, of course) have provoked the investigation of amateurs to these matters, in the science also called ufología (of UFO, in English Unidentified Flying Objects), and governments, as well as popular interest in news media. However, scientists have received these sightings with skepticism, often despising ufology as a pseudoscience and believers in UFOs and extraterrestrials as irrational and even as sick.
On the contrary, believers doubt the accuracy and certainty of official science when it comes to the observations they witness. All this is signed by Greg Eghigian of the Pennsylvania State University in the United States, Which proposes a study on the historical sources of distrust between ufologists and scientists. He concludes that the scientists 'doubts about UFOs and aliens are not due to UFO scholars' ignorance of what science knows but rather to the fact that practices in science and ufology do not coincide at all. No matter who is a scientist and who is ufologist, then, whoever it is, doing science or not doing it depends on the methods used.
It all began, according to experts, in 1946 and 1947 with the signaling of rockets and disks in the sky, unidentified, that began 70 years of proclamations of the existence of UFOs, extraterrestrials and ancient, very old astronauts, who visited us instead In time (rock paintings, Nazca or the astronaut of Mayan relief). Thus began ufology, the science that studies UFOs. And in this, we are, decades later, with an avalanche of news, books, documentaries and programs of radio and television centered on the UFOs and the extraterrestrials.
Eghigian relates the beginning of sightings and contacts with the Cold War. The dates coincide as everything began in the forties, both UFOs, and the Cold War. It was in June 1947 that a civilian pilot, Kenneth Arnold, saw nine strange ships flying in the skies of Washington state, in the western United States. By its description, the press baptized them like "flying saucers", although its profile was more like a semicircle with a central spot. They are the first UFOs for historians. But perhaps it helps us to understand what happened in the United States and why it became very widespread news that had happened in the north of Europe the previous year.
Between May and November 1946, thousands of Swedes, Norwegians, Finns and Germans reported sightings of rocket or circular ships, often with bright lights, flying at high speed through the skies of northern Europe. Some experts believed that these sightings were a product of the nerves of European citizens in those years when enmity began with the Soviet Union and what would be called the Cold War. Other experts, however, believed that, indeed, they were Soviet missiles. No one mentioned the aliens. Still. Nerves had to travel to the United States. It was in this atmosphere of fear that, perhaps, defined as UFOs, for the first time, the nine bright ships that Kenneth Arnold saw in June 1947.
And all this was diluted in the nineties when the Soviet Union disappears. As an example, Eghigian reviews the number of UFO articles published in 25 US newspapers between 1985 and 2014. Until the mid-1990s there were between 60 and 160 articles a year. But, as of 1998, they fall below 40, that is, less than two articles per newspaper and year. Cold War and UFOs disappear. Or almost disappear because, according to National Geographic, 36% of Americans believe that UFOs exist, and 77% say there is credible evidence that aliens have visited our planet.
However, scientists not only do not believe in UFOs and extraterrestrials but stigmatize them and consider them, from the official science focus, as taboos to be avoided and ignored. This, in turn, feeds ufologists' accusation to scientists as narrow-minded, and ultimately as members of an organization that not only rejects but conspires to conceal important and valuable information from the public. And scientists accuse ufologists of being not scientists but rather believers who are not supported by valid evidence but only in their faith, blind faith, and uncritical faith.
However, there is no denying that there is a science of ufology. It is curious that official science, which rejects UFOs and aliens, accepts ufology and its practitioners as an interesting object of study. Thus, sociologists study public attitudes toward UFOs, or the social values of believers in aliens, or the social and economic background surrounding groups of ufologists.
Or psychologists follow ufologists in their dating with UFOs, with the special interest in those who claim to have been abducted. Also, cultural anthropologists are interested in what might be called UFO religions. And social scientists and experts in folklore review the messages that have left the aliens to witness sightings with the message that they transmit them to humanity and, again, With the special interest in the abductees. And, in the end, culture experts and psychologists are interested in how UFO beliefs carry conspiracy theories very easily and very often.
As I said, all these studies reflect that the mistrust between science and ufology has more to do with how things are done in one and another group than in who are scientists or ufologist. Doubts about the veracity of UFO sightings and aliens have always existed in the scientific community. The way they are obtained and narrated is very different from how, in science, knowledge is accumulated and accumulated. An insurmountable obstacle is the lack of undoubted material evidence on the presence of UFOs and aliens. Thus, ufologists' materials remain of more interest to anthropologists, sociologists or psychologists than to, for example, astronomers, physicists, or biologists. After a long history of successes and disappointments, science has come to the conclusion that what is based only on witnesses and believers is,
On the other hand, and we come back to the said, the scientists do not doubt the sincerity of the believers in the UFOs and extraterrestrials, rather they do of the authenticity of what they count. It happened, and serves as an example, with the abduction epidemic of a few years ago, which ultimately referred to victims of sexual attacks that tried to hide what they had suffered.
In conclusion, the onset of sightings of UFOs and aliens seems to be related to the onset of the Cold War and widespread fear in Western society. But, on the other hand, science and ufology are not understood, not by the object of study of ufologists, but, rather, by their way of working and, consequently, by the lack of reliable evidence of the existence of UFOs and Aliens It is not what they study nor the people who do it, but are the working methods they use. And, in addition, ufology itself has become an interesting subject of study for scientists from various disciplines. This is, finally, the science of ufology.
On the contrary, believers doubt the accuracy and certainty of official science when it comes to the observations they witness. All this is signed by Greg Eghigian of the Pennsylvania State University in the United States, Which proposes a study on the historical sources of distrust between ufologists and scientists. He concludes that the scientists 'doubts about UFOs and aliens are not due to UFO scholars' ignorance of what science knows but rather to the fact that practices in science and ufology do not coincide at all. No matter who is a scientist and who is ufologist, then, whoever it is, doing science or not doing it depends on the methods used.
Science of ufology
It all began, according to experts, in 1946 and 1947 with the signaling of rockets and disks in the sky, unidentified, that began 70 years of proclamations of the existence of UFOs, extraterrestrials and ancient, very old astronauts, who visited us instead In time (rock paintings, Nazca or the astronaut of Mayan relief). Thus began ufology, the science that studies UFOs. And in this, we are, decades later, with an avalanche of news, books, documentaries and programs of radio and television centered on the UFOs and the extraterrestrials.
Eghigian relates the beginning of sightings and contacts with the Cold War. The dates coincide as everything began in the forties, both UFOs, and the Cold War. It was in June 1947 that a civilian pilot, Kenneth Arnold, saw nine strange ships flying in the skies of Washington state, in the western United States. By its description, the press baptized them like "flying saucers", although its profile was more like a semicircle with a central spot. They are the first UFOs for historians. But perhaps it helps us to understand what happened in the United States and why it became very widespread news that had happened in the north of Europe the previous year.
Between May and November 1946, thousands of Swedes, Norwegians, Finns and Germans reported sightings of rocket or circular ships, often with bright lights, flying at high speed through the skies of northern Europe. Some experts believed that these sightings were a product of the nerves of European citizens in those years when enmity began with the Soviet Union and what would be called the Cold War. Other experts, however, believed that, indeed, they were Soviet missiles. No one mentioned the aliens. Still. Nerves had to travel to the United States. It was in this atmosphere of fear that, perhaps, defined as UFOs, for the first time, the nine bright ships that Kenneth Arnold saw in June 1947.
The science of ufology
And all this was diluted in the nineties when the Soviet Union disappears. As an example, Eghigian reviews the number of UFO articles published in 25 US newspapers between 1985 and 2014. Until the mid-1990s there were between 60 and 160 articles a year. But, as of 1998, they fall below 40, that is, less than two articles per newspaper and year. Cold War and UFOs disappear. Or almost disappear because, according to National Geographic, 36% of Americans believe that UFOs exist, and 77% say there is credible evidence that aliens have visited our planet.
However, scientists not only do not believe in UFOs and extraterrestrials but stigmatize them and consider them, from the official science focus, as taboos to be avoided and ignored. This, in turn, feeds ufologists' accusation to scientists as narrow-minded, and ultimately as members of an organization that not only rejects but conspires to conceal important and valuable information from the public. And scientists accuse ufologists of being not scientists but rather believers who are not supported by valid evidence but only in their faith, blind faith, and uncritical faith.
However, there is no denying that there is a science of ufology. It is curious that official science, which rejects UFOs and aliens, accepts ufology and its practitioners as an interesting object of study. Thus, sociologists study public attitudes toward UFOs, or the social values of believers in aliens, or the social and economic background surrounding groups of ufologists.
Or psychologists follow ufologists in their dating with UFOs, with the special interest in those who claim to have been abducted. Also, cultural anthropologists are interested in what might be called UFO religions. And social scientists and experts in folklore review the messages that have left the aliens to witness sightings with the message that they transmit them to humanity and, again, With the special interest in the abductees. And, in the end, culture experts and psychologists are interested in how UFO beliefs carry conspiracy theories very easily and very often.
As I said, all these studies reflect that the mistrust between science and ufology has more to do with how things are done in one and another group than in who are scientists or ufologist. Doubts about the veracity of UFO sightings and aliens have always existed in the scientific community. The way they are obtained and narrated is very different from how, in science, knowledge is accumulated and accumulated. An insurmountable obstacle is the lack of undoubted material evidence on the presence of UFOs and aliens. Thus, ufologists' materials remain of more interest to anthropologists, sociologists or psychologists than to, for example, astronomers, physicists, or biologists. After a long history of successes and disappointments, science has come to the conclusion that what is based only on witnesses and believers is,
On the other hand, and we come back to the said, the scientists do not doubt the sincerity of the believers in the UFOs and extraterrestrials, rather they do of the authenticity of what they count. It happened, and serves as an example, with the abduction epidemic of a few years ago, which ultimately referred to victims of sexual attacks that tried to hide what they had suffered.
In conclusion, the onset of sightings of UFOs and aliens seems to be related to the onset of the Cold War and widespread fear in Western society. But, on the other hand, science and ufology are not understood, not by the object of study of ufologists, but, rather, by their way of working and, consequently, by the lack of reliable evidence of the existence of UFOs and Aliens It is not what they study nor the people who do it, but are the working methods they use. And, in addition, ufology itself has become an interesting subject of study for scientists from various disciplines. This is, finally, the science of ufology.
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